Modern philosophy in Europe developed under the influence of the original masterpieces of Ancient Greek Philosophy (in particular, Plato) and of discoveries in natural sciences and mathematics. The topics to be discussed in this are: 1. What kind of substances are there in the world and how do they interact? 2. What is the scope and subject of human knowledge? 3. What is the nature of good conduct? 4. How to achieve a good and efficient government? The first and second question will be discussed in the context of works of Descartes, Locke, Berkley, Hume, Kant and Hegel. The third question will be discussed in the context of the teachings of Hume, Kant, Mill and Hegel. The fourth question is the subject of discussion of Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Kant and Hegel.

CILO-1: Critically assess core ideas, values, and practices of various modern Western philosophers. CILO-2: Understand the historical and intellectual frameworks that shaped major developments in modern Western Philosophy between the 17th and 19th century. CILO-3: Discuss in writing and orally the place of various modern Western philosophers in contemporary social, political, and cultural contexts.